IBIDUKIKIJE : Ububi n’ingaruka ziterwa n’ibikozwe muri palasitiki.
Muri iki gihe Isi ikomeje guhangana n’ibibazo biterwa n’iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ibikomoka kuri palasitiki biri mu bihumanya ikirere bikozwe n’imyuka inyuranye yoherezwayo n’ibikorwa bya muntu.
Iri humana riterwa no kwirundira hamwe kw’imyanda ikozwe muri palasitiki cyangwa iy’ibifitanye isano na yo mu bice binyuranye by’Isi.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko buri segonda, hari toni zirenga 10 za palasitiki ziba zikozwe n’inganda zinyuranye ku Isi, bikoherezwa hirya no hino gukorwamo ibikoresho binyuranye, ibyinshi muri byo bikaba ari ibikoreshwa incuro imwe (1) gusa ariko akenshi abantu ntibabyubahirize.
Kubera ko ibi bikoresho bimara igihe kirekire bitangiritse, aya matoni n’amatoni ni yo usanga hirya no hino ku Isi, mu nyanja, mu mijyi, mu migezi, mu mwuka duhumeka, aho abangamira bikomeye ibidukikije.
Karibumedia.rw muri iyi nkuru, iragaruka kuri byinshi bigira uruhare rukomeye ku ihumanya rihangayikishije Isi by’umwihariko kwangiza ibidukikije. Aha wakwibaza uti “Ni mpamvu ki habaho ihumanya rya pulasitiki?”
Ku isonga, ihumanya rya palasitiki rituruka ku ikoreshwa rikabije ry’ibikoresho bya palasitiki kuko biba byoroshye kubikora ndetse no kubikoresha.
Aha usanga nk’ibyo kurya byinshi biba bibitswe muri palasitiki kubera ko ari yo ibibika neza bikamara igihe kirekire bitangiritse.
Inzobere mu bidukikije, Musengimana Emmanuel, yemeza ko imiterere y’imyanda y’ibikoresho bya palasitiki ari kimwe mu bigorana kuyicunga ngo akaba ari na yo mpamvu usanga bitandukanye n’ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa.
Musengimana yagize ati: “Imiterere y’imyanda y’ibikoresho bya palasitiki ni kimwe mu bigorana kuyicunga, ari na yo mpamvu bitandukanye n’ibindi bikoresho dusanzwe duhura na byo mu buzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Aha navuga nk’ibikoze mu butare tumarana igihe kirekire.Ibikoresho byo muri palasitiki ntitubitindana, ndetse byinshi muri byo bikoreshwa inshuro imwe gusa. Bityo rero, ½ cy’ibikoresho biba byakozwe muri palasitiki bihinduka imyanda mu gihe kiri munsi y’umwaka; byongeye kandi iyi myanda ihumanya aho iherereye hose kuko bitwara igihe kirekire ngo palasitiki ibe yabora cyangwa se yashanguka. [Ishanguka] hagati y’imyaka ijana n’igihumbi.”L
Musengimana yakomeje agira ati: “Nubwo bimwe mu bikoresho bikoze muri palasitiki bishobora kubyazwamo ibindi igihe bishaje, ubu buhanga ntiburatezwa imbere kubera impamvu zinyuranye, ku buryo 14% gusa by’ibikoresho byo muri palasitiki ari byo byonyine bishobora kubyazwamo ibindi. Ni ukuvuga ko 86% isigaye ishyirwa mu bubiko, igatwikwa cyangwa ikoherezwa mu nyanjya, mu nzuzi no mu bindi byanya binyuranye.”
Musengimana Emmanuel, inzobere mu bidukikije
Ihumanya rya pulasitiki rikorwa rite?
Mu gushaka kumenya neza uko ihumanya rya palasitiki rikorwa, Karibumedia.rw yongeye kubaza inzobere Musengimana Emmanuel maze ayitangariza ko ibikoresho bikomoka kuri palastiki byangiza ibidukikije ku buryo bwinshi.
Yagize ati: “Koko rero ibishingwe bya palasitiki bishobora kubyazwamo ibindi bikoresho, kubikwa ahantu hateguwe, gutwikwa cyangwa koherezwa mu byanya binyuranye kuko buhoro buhoro, ibishingwe byabitswe n’ibyoherejwe mu byanya binyuranye, bigenda bishanguka, bigatanga uduce duto twinjira mu butaka, cyangwa tukajyanwa n’umuyaga, tukagezwa mu nzuzi no mu nyanja kubera imvura. Ibikorwa bya muntu na byo bigeza utu duce muri aya mazi magari. Utu duce tuba tugizwe na palasitiki ubwayo ariko harimo n’ibindi binyabutabire biba byarifashishijwe hakorwa palasitiki.”
Ni izihe ngaruka z’ihumanya rya palasitiki?
Musengimana Emmanuel avuga ko ingaruka ari nyinshi, ahubwo ko biterwa n’icyanya iyo myanda iba yajugunywemo. Aha atanga urugero rw’ ibirwa bya palasitiki biri mu nyanja ngari ya Pasifiki (Océan Pacifique).
Yagize ati: “Nk’imyanda ya palasitiki yoherejwe mu nyanja kubera ubwinshi bwayo, yubatse ibirwa binini mu nyanja ngari. Nko mu nyanja ya Pacifique, hari ikirwa cya palasitiki kinini gifite ubuso bungana n’ubwa Esipanye, u Bufaransa n’u Budage bihujwe.”
Yavuze na none ko habaho ingaruka y’iyangizwa ry’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima aho agira ati: “Ibinyabuzima biba mu mazi y’inyanja byisanga byamize ibice bya palasitiki, noneho ibi bice bigakomeretsa bikomeye ibi binyabuzima ndetse na none kenshi na kenshi ibi bikoresho bikaba biniga cyangwa biheza umwuka izi nyamaswa; ibintu bishobora kuzikururira imfu zinyuranye. Ibi bikoresho kandi bishobora kubangamira ahatahwa n’ibi binyabuzima ndetse bikaba bishobora guhindura imiterere yabyo, aho nk’utunyamasyo tudashobora kwibira mu mazi, igihe twamize ibyo nice bya palasitiki.”
Indi nzobere mu kubungabunga no kurengera ibidukikije, Eng. Nkurunziza Niragire Placide, avuga ko ingaruka ari nyinshi, biterwa n’icyanya iyo myanda iba yashyizwemo.
Yagize ati: “Palasitiki ntizibora, bityo iyo ziri mu butaka zitera isuri kuko ubutaka buzicara hejuru ntibwegerane. Palasitiki kandi iyo zitwitswe, imyuka ivamo yangiza ikirere ikangiza akayunguruzo k’izuba. Ikindi kandi iyo umuntu ariye cyangwa agahumeka poroduwi (produits) ziva muri palasitiki, bishobora kumutera indwara biturutse ku binyabutabire bizikoze.”
Mu gusoza, Eng. Nkurunziza yavuze kandi ko palasitiki zangiza inzuzi n’ibiyaga kuko usanga amazi azitwarana n’indi myanda bikireka ku nkombe z’inzuzi n’ibiyaga.
Eng. Nkurunziza Niragire Placide
Ntihanuwayo Modeste nawe ni inzobere yabwiye Karibumedia.rw ko ihumanya ry’ibikoresho bya palasitiki ritera ihindagurika ry’ikirere iyo bitwitswe kuko byohereza ibyuka bibi bihumanya ikirere kuko biba byabaye uburozi.
Aha ni naho yahereye agaragaza n’impamvu zitera iyangirika ry’ibidukikije harimo ku bwo kwangirika kw’akayungiro k’izuba, ubutayu, imihindagurikire y’ibihe. Bityo, ngo hakaba hagomba gutekerezwa icyakorwa n’ingamba zafatwa ngo ibikoresho bya palasitiki bicike burundu.
Yagize ati: “Ni byiza ko hakorwa ubukangurambaga mu bashoramari no mu banyenganda, bakajya bakoresha amacupa atangiza ibidukikije nk’uko uruganda rw’Inyange rwatangiye gushyira imbaraga mu gukora amacupa y’ibirahuri kugira ngo aya palasitiki acike, n’ubwo bitaranozwa neza ariko byibuze bo baratangiye.”
Nubwo bimeze gutya ariko hari bamwe batagikozwa ibyo kwirinda gukoresha ibikoresho bya palasitiki bishaje kandi byamaganwa kenshi bitewe n’ingaruka zabyo zirimo gutera kanseri.
Aha uwashidikanya yakwibaza aho amacupa avamo amazi yerekezwa, n’aho umutobe utunganyirizwa mu nganda (jus), amavuta yo kurya n’ayo kwisiga bibikwa.
Kubera ko ibi bikoresho bimara igihe kirekire bitangiritse, aya matoni n’amatoni ni yo usanga hirya no hino ku Isi, mu nyanja, mu mijyi, mu migezi, mu mwuka duhumeka, aho abangamira bikomeye ibidukikije.
Karibumedia.rw, muri iyi nkuru, iragaruka kuri byinshi bigira uruhare rukomeye ku ihumanya rihangayikishije Isi by’umwihariko kwangiza ibidukikije. Aha wakwibaza uti “Ni mpamvu ki habaho ihumanya rya palasitiki?”
Ku isonga, ihumanya rya palasitiki rituruka ku ikoreshwa rikabije ry’ibikoresho bya palasitiki kuko biba byoroshye kubikora ndetse no kubikoresha.
Ntihanuwayo abona ingamba zo guca palasitiki zikwiye gukazwa
Iki kibazo cyatumye umunyamakuru wa Karibumedia.rw asura ikimoteri rusange cy’akarere ka Musanze giherereye mu kagari ka Bukinanyana, umurenge wa Cyuve maze ahasanga bamwe mu baturage barimo n’abana bajonjora amacupa ya palasitiki mu yindi myanda ngo bayagurishe, aho ikilo kimwe cyayo ngo kigura amafaranga mirongo itanu (50 FRW) kugira ngo bajye kuyakoramo ibindi bintu na none bya palasitiki.
Maniraho Philippe, Sibomana na Nyiramahirwe Jacqueline ni bamwe mu baturage baturiye iki kimoteri. Batangaje ko kibabangamiye cyane ko uretse n’umunuko wacyo ngo n’abana bamwe batangiye guta ishuri kubera kwirirwa bashakisha ibikoresho bya palasitiki bishaje byahajugunywe.
Maniraho agira ati: “Abaturage duturiye iki kimoteri rusange, kiratubangamiye kuko n’abana bacu basigaye baducika bakajya gushakamo amacupa n’ibidomoro ndetse n’ibindi bintu bya palasitiki byo kugurisha kuko hari abashoramari baza kubigura.”
Umuturanyi we witwa Sibomana na we yatangaje ko uretse n’umunuko, aha ari ho abana bajya kuragira amatungo (ihene n’intama) kugira ngo babone nuko batoragura ya macupa ya palasitiki.
Uretse abahaturiye, Karibumedia.rw yanagiranye ikiganiro n’umugore ukorera Kampani yitwa BIDEC (Business Initiative for Development Company Ltd) ikora ifumbire y’imborera mu bisigazwa bibora biva muri iki kimoteri.
We yagize ati: “Maze igihe kinini cyane hano, nkorera iyi kampani ariko ibyo nabonye n’ibyo mbona, ababyeyi bafite ingorane cyane kuko abana babo birirwa hano mu myanda bashakisha biriya bisigazwa bya palasitiki ngo byo kugurisha. Bamwe bataye ishuri ndetse n’ikindi kibabaje cyane ni uko usangamo n’abana b’abakobwa kandi hari n’igihe bararamo bashakisha ibyo bintu.
Ubuyobozi nibufate umwanya, bwigishe ababyeyi bakumire abana babo ndetse bubategeke basubire ku ishuri kuko nibitaba ibyo hazavamo n’uburara buherekejwe n’inda zidateganijwe.”
*Icyo amategeko ateganya ku mikoreshereze ya pulasitiki*
Nyuma yo kumenya ko ibikoresho bya palasitiki bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa muntu, cyane cyane iyo bishaje ndetse bikagira n’uruhare mu guhungabanya ibidukikije, Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho itegeko N°48/2018 ryo kuwa 13/08/2018 rigenga ibidukikije aho rigaragaza amahame yose arigize agira uruhare mu kurengera ibidukikije. Ingingo yaryo ya 3 igira iti: “Ibikorwa bigaragayeho cyangwa bikekwaho kuba byagira ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ntibigomba gutangira mu gihe inyigo za gihanga zitaragaragaza ko nta kibazo byateza”.
Ni mu gihe ingingo yaryo ya 4 igira iti: “Ihame ry’uburambe bw’ibidukikije rifasha guha amahirwe angana ibisekuruza bitandukanye. Uburenganzira ku majyambere bugomba kugerwaho hitabwa ku bikenerwa kukurengera no kubungabunga umwuka wo mu kirere.”
Iri tegeko rigaruka kandi ku bikorwa bibujijwe byerekeye ubutabire n’imyanda aho mu ngingo yaryo ya 45 hagira hati:
“1° kurunda, kujugunya no gushyira imyanda ahantu rusange hatemewe n’amategeko cyangwa ahandi hantu hose hatabugenewe;
2° kwinjiza mu gihugu imyanda ihumanya n’ibindi byose byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu n’ibidukikije;
3° kugura, kugurisha, gutumiza no kohereza mu mahanga, gucisha mu gihugu, guhunika no kurunda imiti, urusobe rw’imiti n’ibindi bintu bihumanya cyangwa byateza impanuka;
4° gukoresha intambi, imiti iyobya ubwenge, imiti y’ubutabire ifite uburozi n’imitego mu mazi ku buryo bwasindisha amafi cyangwa bukanayica;
5° gukoresha imiti iyobya ubwenge, imiti y’ubutabire ifite uburozi n’imitego ku buryo bwica inyamaswa zihigwa ndetse no gutuma zidashobora kuribwa;
6° kwituma, kwihagarika, gucira, guta ikimyira n’indi myanda ikomoka ku mubiri w’umuntu ahabonetse hose;
7° gutwika imyanda yo mu rugo, ibishingwe, amapine ndetse n’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki.”
Iri tegeko rinateganya n’ bihano ku batwika ibiyorero, amapine n’ibikoresho bya palasitiki aho mu ngingo ya 52 hagira hati: “Umuntu wese utwika imyanda yo mu rugo binyuranyije n’amategeko, ibiyorero, amapine na palasitiki, ahanishwa ihazabu yo mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi makumyabiri na bitanu (25.000 FRW).”
Yanditswe na SETORA Janvier